The causative verb sjnd is a hapax, appearing only once in the Middle Kingdom tale, The Dialogue Between a Man and his Ba (pBerlin 3024). In this text, sjnd is used transitively, with the meaning “to cause someone to experience acute emotional distress, relating to ‘sadness’ and ‘misery’” (see: Sentence IBUBdwo0R2G6l0RuhRKIbDCdkhY; Jenkins 2022: 194).

It is worth noting that jnd (verb) is also attested with a transitive-causative meaning in a Ramesside Period Magical-Medical Text, where it has the meaning “to cause someone to suffer physically (because of medical ailments)” (see: Sentence ICEAhtQICcymbkRhoGXRKTQjr4s; Jenkins 2022: 194). As such, jnd is an ambitransitive verb, exhibiting the causative-alternation (intransitive) “to experience jnd” / (transitive-causative) to “cause someone to experience jnd” (Schäfer 2009: 641). It should be noted, however, that this transitive usage is uncommon.

Bibliography
– Jenkins, Madeline. 2022. “On the Semantics of jnd: A Lexical-Semantic Analysis of the ‘Sadness’ Lexeme jnd”, Lingua Aegyptia 30, pp. 171–200.
– Schäfer, Florian. 2009. “The Causative Alternation.” Language and Linguistics Compass 3 (2): 641–81. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2009.00127.x>;.

كاتب التعليق: Madeline Jenkins؛ مع مساهمات من قبل: Altägyptisches Wörterbuch ؛ تم إنشاء ملف البيانات: ٢٠٢٤/٠٧/١٦، آخر مراجعة: ٢٠٢٤/٠٧/١٦